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Faculties in Islamic Institutes
May 9, 2008 on 3:18 pm | In Islam2 Comments | By Ilm Seeker
If you, or someone you know, is planning on studying overseas, this information may prove useful. Most of the time, there’s a language barrier between people here and the staff. A lot people apply blindly, especially when it comes to the faculties–which seem to be pretty standard across Islamic institutes–not knowing what exactly to expect.
So we’ve put together a small list of the common faculties, and what they teach you in each. And of course, regardless of which faculty you study in, you will learn the basics of everything–how to pray, recite, etc.
- Faculty of Qur’an: They teach you the ten qira’aat–that’s why you must be a hafidh to enter. You will memorize all ten (eventually) and be able to recite them fluently, with the respective tajweed rules. This is typically the smallest faculty, with only a handful of graduates each year.
- Faculty of Hadith: People who graduate are on the road to becoming muhaddith. They are able to look at hadith, and cut them to pieces, analyze the authenticity of each. Aside from learning the science of hadith, you’ll also memorize a few thousand ahadith each year (with chains), not to mention the biographies of narrators. This is the second-smallest faculty, typically.
- Faculty of Shari’ah: This is typically the biggest faculty, because there’s a huge need in the ummah for fiqh. Typically, you specialize in fiqh and usool-ul-fiqh, the science of deriving fiqh. By the end, you will have a strong grip on the tools of a mujtahid, with some basis of the skills necessary to make fatwa (as dangerous as that is) on new issues; and you should know some of the tools to research and resolve issues.
- Faculty of Aqeedah and Da’wa: Admittedly, we don’t know much about this faculty–so if you do, post it in the comments insha’Allah! In Medina University, this is known as the “easiest” faculty–but people who go in come out very strong. In terms of ‘aqeedah, you’ll specialize–learning the basics (shirk, kufr, nifaaq) to advanced issues relating to Allah’s attributes, the day of judgment, the prophets, and even things like t he dividing line between Muslims and Faasiqeen, and what takes a person out of Islam (because an act of shirk does not make a person mushrik necessarily, nor does an act of kufr necessarily make someone kaaifr.)
And that’s it! Insha’Allah if you have any first-hand or second-hand knowledge of these faculties, share it with us! Your comments may help shape the decision and direction of someone’s future.
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The First Compilation
April 27, 2008 on 8:55 am | In Islam, Qur'an1 Comment | By Ilm Seeker
The Qur’an was first compiled during the lifetime of Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (رضي الله عنه), the first khalifa, whose rule lasted from the death of the last messenger (صلى الله عليه و سلم) for two years.
Why wasn’t it compiled during the time of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) himself?
- On-Going Revelation: Revelation was still coming down. If you wrote two verses next to each other, and Allah revealed one in the middle–or an extension to the end of a surah–what then? They didn’t have staplers to staple pages into the middle!
- No Need: The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) was still alive, and so were his companions, and they were all there with him. What need was there to compile it? The knowledge was there in the community.
- Arrangement was not Finalized: New verses would come down and be added to the middle of surahs. If it’s already written in a book, what do you do? How can you fit it in?
- Abrogation: Although abrogated verses are very few, sometimes a verse would be abrogated–so what if it was written down? What do you do with it?
In any case, in Abu Bakr’s time, there was a big battle, where 70 huffadh were martyred. After this one battle, ‘Umar convinced Abu Bakr–who was hesitant at first–to compile the Qur’an into one book. Prior to this, it was written down in scraps and fragments; and some of it was only memorized, not written down. And ‘Umar feared that the unwritten parts would be lost.
So together, they agreed; and they agreed on who would compile the Qur’an–Zayd ibn Thabit (رضي الله عنه).
Why Zayd? He was the main scribe of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم), he was a hafidh himself, and he was known was his piety and knowledge of the Qur’an.
What did Zayd say? He was hesitant too, at first–but then he agreed. They all knew the necessity of it. Zayd said, then: “If they had asked me to move a mountain, I would’ve found that easier then the task they gave me.” [Saheeh Bukhari]
Because of the responsibility–the entire Ummah, for all time, is relying on Zayd.
And he compiled it. Despite being a hafidh, he gathered the sahaba. His condition? He would collect verses that two sahaba heard DIRECTLY from the lips of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم)–nothing less.
And he was a hafidh! He knew the WHOLE Qur’an! Still, he made this his criterion.
And so, bit by bit, over eight months, he collected it.
And there it was–the first mushaf, the first fully compiled end-to-end Qur’an.
Yasir Qadhi. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, March 2008.
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Types of Qira’aat
April 23, 2008 on 4:39 pm | In Islam, Qur'an1 Comment | By Ilm Seeker
Qira’aat. Recitations. Like other parts of Islam, Qira’aat have been codified–it’s a science, just like the science of hadith.
And, just like ahadith, qira’aat have different types. What kind of types? Four types, actually:
- Saheeh: Authentic qira’aat. To be saheeh, a qira’ah must have an authentic chain of narration back to the Prophet (S), and it must conform with the Uthmanic mushaf. There are ten of these puppies–not seven, as is the common misconception.
- Shaadh: These qira’aat have an authentic chain of narration back to the Prophet (S), but they don’t fit into the Uthmanic mushaf. By consensus of the ‘ulama, you cannot recite shaadh qira’aat in salaah. Why are they considered so, if they have an authentic chain? Perhaps because of the importance of the second compilation of the Qur’an. The sahaba made ijmaa, and we have to respect it.
- Da’eef: weak. These qira’aat don’t have an authentic chain of narrators, but a broken chain.
- Baatil: these are qira’aat that others invented. (Yes, people forge qira’aat, just like they forge ahadith. It’s disgusting, I know.)
Which are these ten qira’aat that are authentic? That’s another topic for another post!
Oh, and shaadh qira’aat? You can still study them that higher institutions of Islamic learning. A few people study in the faculty of Qur’an and memorize all ten qira’aat–and fewer still study the four shaadh.
Yasir Qadhi. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, March 2008.
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Five Minute Dawa Speech
April 20, 2008 on 10:24 am | In Da'wah, Islam, Tazkiyyah2 Comments | By Ilm Seeker
If you live in a western society, such as Canada, America, England, and so on, be aware that some scholars have said that, for people living in these societies, da’wa is fard ‘ayn–an obligation on each and every Muslim. But don’t be scared–because the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said: “By Allah, if Allah were to guide one man through you, it would be better for you than a red camel.” [Saheeh Bukhari and Saheeh Muslim] Better then a shiny red Ferrari!
And, in these societies, what do people think of Muslims? By and far, they think we’re backward, oppressed, terrorists. Many of them know less about Islam then what you’d learn at one halaqah.
So what can you do about it? Be prepared. Prepare a five minute basic da’wa speech, and practice it.
Why? Because whether you go to school, work, to the mall, to the restaurant, you’ll engage with non-Muslims.
And they’ll ask you questions. Questions like why you grow a beard, wear the hijab, don’t shake hands with women, pray five times a day, eat with your right hand. All kinds of questions.
And if they do, this is your golden opportunity to explain about Islam! And you should explain tawheed, because all of Islam springs from that. And some of these people, this might be the only chance they have to learn about Islam. Take advantage of that, and explain it to them!
Your da’wa speech should go something like this:
“Well, let me tell you about Islam. We’re the purest monotheistic religion. We believe in one God, who sent many Prophets, from Abraham and Moses and Jesus to Muhammad, the last. Our book is called the Qur’an …”
Add to it, remove to it, as necessary. If they’re asking a fiqh question, you might want to mention that Allah is the law-maker, and that everything the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said or did, we take as proof–because Allah authorized him, when He said:
Translation: O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day. That is the best [way] and best in result. [Surah An-Nisaa, verse 59]
THEN you can dive into the specific details of their question–but keep it brief, and conclude it with something tawheed based.
Why is this important? In a couple of minutes, you’ve likely given them more knowledge of Islam than they’ve learned in years. You gave them the core–tawheed, belief in Allah, and following the Prophet–and also answered their question. Who can argue with that!
And don’t feel bad if they ignore your speech and focus on their question. That’s natural. But don’t worry–they heard, and the knowledge is there, lurking in their minds, until Allah makes them remember.
What other things are important to put into (or leave out of) the five-minute da’wa speech? What are some of your experiences with this? Post them in the comments insha’Allah and share the ‘ilm!
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Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences
April 17, 2008 on 8:03 pm | In Islam, Qur'anNo Comments | By Ilm Seeker
Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences is an AlMaghrib Institute course taught by Yasir Qadhi.
The science of the Qur’an: one of the sciences that reaches out into and forms a foundation for almost every other Islamic science. Topics include: the definition of the Qur’an, the rewards of the Qur’an, the blessings of the Qur’an, the origin of the Qur’an, the recitation of the Qur’an (tajweed); the science of qira’at; ahruf; the science of tafseer; wahiy (revelation); Mecci and Madani verses; the arrangement of surahs and ayahs; abrogation; the miraculous nature of the Qur’an; translation; memorization.
What a list! And Uloom-ul-Qur’an touches on all these fields, many of which are sub-fields (specializations) of Uloom-ul-Qur’an! Almost anything you want to know about the Qur’an is here! So hit up the links below, and learn all about this beautiful, much-neglected book of our times: The Qur’an.
- AlMaghrib
- Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences
- The Definition of The Qur’an
- The First Compilation
- Types of Qira’aat
Yasir Qadhi. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, March 2008.
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The Definition of The Qur’an
April 17, 2008 on 4:38 pm | In Islam, Qur'an1 Comment | By Ilm Seeker
So what exactly is the Qur’an?
Scholars define the Qur’an as this: The Arabic speech of Allah that was revealed to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) both in word and in meaning. It is collected between the two covers of the mushaaf, was narrated in mutawaatir chains, and is a challenge to humankind.
We can learn five important things about the Qur’an from this definition.
- The Arabic speech of Allah: The Qur’an is the speech of Allah, in Arabic. This means that anything that’s not Arabic isn’t the Qur’an. You can’t pray in English, in French, in Swahili, in Urdu–it has to be in Arabic.
- Revealed to the Prophet: We know that Allah revealed many revelations–including the Injeel and the Tawrah and the Zabur. Those are also revelation of Allah–but they’re not the Qur’an. Only what Allah revealed to the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) is Qur’an.
- Revealed in Word and Meaning: Not Only is the meaning of the Qur’an the same as what Allah meant; but the words themselves are also from Allah. (Unlike Hadith Qudsi, where the meaning is from Allah, and the words are from the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم))
- Collected between Two Covers: Hadith Qudsi is also the speech of Allah, but it’s not Qur’an. Similarly, there are verses that used to be in the Qur’an, but aren’t anymore–even though they were once! These are the abrogated verses, and they’re not considered Qur’an anymore, even though we still know what some of those revelations were.
- Mutawaatir: The Qur’an was related in a mutawaatir fashion–so many narrators narrated it, at every single step in the chain of narration, that it’s impossible that they all lied or made a mistake.
- A Challenge to Humankind: The Qur’an is an ongoing challenge to the human race–create a book, a surah, a verse like it; but nay, we will NEVER be able to. Allah Himself says so.
One other important part of the definition of the Qur’an is that Allah promised that He will protect it, until the end of time–and that promise doesn’t apply to anything else (such as the sunnah, or the Hadith Qudsi).
And you thought you knew the Qur’an!
May Allah allow us all to become saahibul-Qur’an, Companions of the Qur’an, those whom Allah will give the highest level of jannah (ameen)!
Yasir Qadhi. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Route 114: Qur’anic Sciences. University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus, March 2008.
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Comfortable?
April 10, 2008 on 5:43 pm | In Du'a, Ibadah, Islam5 Comments | By AmatulWadood
Bismillah
قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم كيف أنعم وصاحب القرن قد التقم القرن واستمع الإذن متى يؤمر بالنفخ فينفخ فكأن ذلك ثقل على أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال لهم قولوا حسبنا الله ونعم الوكيل على الله توكلنا
The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, “How can I feel comfort while the angel responsible for The Trumpet has placed The Trumpet to his mouth and lowered his forehead, awaiting when he will be commanded (by Allah to blow in it)?”
They said, “O Allah’s Messenger, what should we say?”
He said, “Say: Allah is sufficient for us, and He is Al-Wakeel (the best disposer of affairs); We have placed our trust in Allah.” (hasbunAllaha wa ni’mal Wakeel, ‘ala Allahi tawakalnaa)
The Companions repeated this invocation, saying, “Allah is sufficient for us, and He is Al-Wakeel (the best disposer of affairs); We have placed our trust in Allah.” [Sunan at-Tirmidhi, Saheeh according to Shaykh Albani]
Another example of this du’aa is the last ayah of Surah Tawbah:
Transliteration: HasbiyAllahu, la ilaha il Huwa, ‘alayhi tawakaltu, wa Huwa Rabb al-’arsh al-’atheem.
Translation: Allah is sufficient for me. I have placed my trust in Him, He is the Lord of the Majestic Throne. [Surah Tawbah, verse 129]
What is the significance of saying this du’a from surah Tawbah?
The Messenger of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) said, “Allah will grant whoever recites this seven times in the morning and evening whatever he desires from this world or the next.” [Saheeh, Sunan Abee Dawood]
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The Assassination of ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab
April 4, 2008 on 8:38 pm | In Islam, Sahaba3 Comments | By Ilm Seeker
‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab (رضي الله عنه) was the second khalifa, and one of the ten companions promised Jannah in their lifetimes.
‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) used to be a soldier–one of the best. But when he became the khalifah, the other companions refused to let him fight–he disagreed with them, but in the end, he stayed back in Medinah while the battles waged. Yet he always made one du’a, publicly and privately, throughout his khilafah: “Allahumma ruziqniy shahaadah,” “O Allah, provide me with martyrdom.”
People told him he was crazy–he was the Khalifah, of all people, and in a city full of Muslims! And, being the Khalifa, they didn’t allow him to fight. But Subhanallah, Allah knew his sincerity, and answered his du’a.
While he was in Medina, there was a Majuwsi (fire-worshiper) who was a slave, a man by the name of Abu Lu’ Lu‘. Abu Lu’ Lu’ was an expert blacksmith, and a slave, captured during the conquest of Nahawand. He was in Medina, making things for the Muslims. His slave-master, though–a Muslim–would take a lot of his earnings.
So knowing the reputation of ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab (رضي الله عنه) for justice, he went to ‘Umar and told him: “Ask my master to reduce what he’s taking from me.”
And ‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) told him: “be patient.”
Now, Abu Lu’ Lu’ got mad–furious! And he went away furious.
Meanwhile, ‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) went to Abu Lu’ Lu’s master, and told him to reduce what he was taking from Abu Lu’ Lu’, which he agreed.
Unknown, Abu Lu’ Lu’ stewed in his rage. Being a master blacksmith, he crafted a knife–a special knife, made of two curving blades, made out of stone. He bought poison, and soaked his knife in it. He asked the person he bought the poison from, “if I cut someone with this, is there any chance they will survive?” and the person said “no.”
Now, at that time, ‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) would lead salaah in the masjid. And this was well-known. So one day, at Fajr, Abu Lu’ Lu’ snuck into the masjid. After salaah started, while ‘Umar was praying, he jumped out and stabbed him.
One companion narrates, that ‘Umar said: “The dog has eaten ‘Umar.”
Abu Lu’ Lu’ turned to make his escape; but the Muslims prayed so close to each other, he couldn’t escape–so he stabbed his way out. He killed several companions (almost a dozen), until one of them threw a cloth on top of him and tackled him to the floor. He then commited suicide.
Now, imagine: Fajr in the masjid, ,and the Khalifa is lying on the floor in a pool of blood. One narration says that even then, at that time, ‘Umar said “finish the salaah, finish the salaah”–because sunrise was coming. Subhanallah, priorities!
They knew ‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) was going to die–he would eat food, and it would come out of his wounds. And when he realized who stabbed him, he said, why did the man stab him? He had gone to ask Abu Lu’ Lu’s slave master to lower his wages.
He sent a messenger to ‘Aishah (رضي الله عنها). Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) and the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) were buried in the Prophet’s house, and there was space for one more grave. So he sent a messenger to ‘Aisha, and told him to ask her if he could have that spot.
‘Aishah (رضي الله عنها) narrates: “I was thinking of saving that spot for myself, but …” and she gave it to him. When the messenger returned, ‘Umar (رضي الله عنه) told him “go again, and this time, tell her ‘Umar ibn Al-Khattab is asking, not Ameer al-Mu’mineen.” Subhanallah! Even at the time of his death, he was worried that he was using his position to get gains for himself.
So the messenger went back, and ‘Aishah (رضي الله عنها) said “yes, give it to him.”
So he died (رضي الله عنه), and they buried him with the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) and Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه).
And so, in the most unexpected time and place–the Khalifa praying Fajr in the masjid, surrounded by Muslims–Allah answered ‘Umar’s (رضي الله عنه) du’a and made him shaheed.
As for the people who provided Abu Lu’ Lu’ the poison, they resurfaced during the murder of ‘Uthmaan …
Muhammad Alshareef. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Conquest: History of the Khulafa. University of Toronto, Toronto. November 2005.
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The Status of the Sunnah
March 31, 2008 on 7:44 pm | In IslamNo Comments | By Abd al-Ahad
Having been in Medina for so many years, Allah willed that the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) and the Companions would return back to Makkah. Thousands marched forth to perform hajj with the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) that year and in that congregation he made a very important address. This was to be known as the Farewell Hajj, this was his farewell to his companions, a farewell message to the believing ummah, and in this farewell he said: “I am leaving behind two memorable things, the Book of Allah and my sunnah, whoever abides by these will never go astray.”
Inshallah ta’ala listen to this little podcast, it focuses on the latter of these memorable things that the Prophet of Allah (صلى الله عليه و سلم) has left us; it will focus on the importance and the status of the Sunnah in our lives as Muslims.
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Conditions for Saheeh Hadeeth
March 27, 2008 on 8:16 am | In Hadith, Islam9 Comments | By AmatulWadood
Bismillah.
The study of hadeeth is one of the most noble sciences in Islam. The precision of this science, and the scholars who perfected it, is amazing and is not found in any other science–secular or Islamic. The sciences of hadeeth may be the most disputed science in Islam, simply because people do not understand the succinct process and scrutinization for only one narration to be accepted as authentic (saheeh). The Sunnah is the second source of legislation after the Qur’an, and Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) promised to protect the Sunnah:
Translation: We have, without a doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard it (from corruption). [Suratul-Hijr, verse 9]
So those who deny the Sunnah (for reasons such as weakness and lack of authenticity) and claim to “follow the Qur’an” are further away from the Qur’an; and they do not truly follow it, because if they did follow the Qur’an, they would automatically turn to the Sunnah.
The term saheeh literally means “sound and healthy.” Its Islamic/legal definition means: a narration that is totally authentic, with no doubt in its authenticity, and is a certified statement of the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم). For a hadeeth to be taken as saheeh, five conditions must be met:
- Connected Isnaad: (isnaad is the plural of sanad, which is the chain of narrators). In Arabic: اتصال السند, ittisaal us-sanad. There cannot be a break in the chain. The narrators must have heard the hadeeth from each other, and if there is a break in the chain, the hadeeth is not authentic. (An example of a break in the chain would be a tabi’i narrating directly from the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم). The successor/tabi’i couldn’t have met the Prophet (صلى الله عليه و سلم) and had to have taken the narration from a companion, yet they did not mention the companion–so this would be a weak narration.)
- The narrators must be trustworthy and righteous.In Arabic: العدالة, al-’adaalah. The sub-conditions for ‘adaalah is that the narrator fears Allah, they are not known to commit major sins or consistent minor sins, and that they avoid all that people may consider shameful (faqawaar al-maroo’a). A modern day example of this would be that the Imam of the masjid would not come lead the prayer in shorts. Although shorts are technically fine to wear, some members of the prayer may consider it shameful and inappropriate for the Imam to lead the prayer in such clothing. So the narrators leave acts that can be seen as shameful by the people, even if they are not haraam or makrooh.
- Precision and accuracy of the narrators. In Arabic: ضبط الرواة dhabt ar-rawaah. There are two sub-conditions under dhabt:
- Precision and accuracy of the memory. In Arabic: ضبط الصدر, dhabt as-sadr.
- Precision of writing. In Arabic: ضبط الكتاب, dhabt al-kitaab. In terms of writing, some scholars of hadeeth had weak memories, so they would never narrate from their memories, but rather from their scribes or notes.
- No irregularities or inconsistencies. In Arabic: عدم الشذوذ, adamu as-shuthooth. Shuthooth is plural of shaath, and it literally means something irregular or not normal. An example of a shaath narration would be a hadeeth with a reliable narrator, but he contradicts a stronger narrator. So for a hadeeth to be authentic, it must be consistent.
- No hidden defects. In Arabic: عدم العلة, adamu al-’illah. An ‘illah, or a hidden defect is hard to detect and only the top scholars of hadeeth (like Imam Bukhari and Imam Ahmad) were able to detect them. Only through knowledge and experience will someone be able to detect an ‘illah in a hadeeth. Ibn al-Salah says, “A ma’lul (defective) hadith is one which appears to be sound, but thorough research reveals a disparaging factor.” An example of an ‘illah would be a narrator saying he narrated from his shaykh (his teacher) but he never heard from him, and rather took it from another student.
These are the five conditions for a hadeeth to be considered authentic, as stated by the scholars of this science. The only difference between a saheeh hadeeth and a hasan (good, one level lower than saheeh) is that the narrators have good memories and not excellent memories, they are still reliable, but their level of memory and precision is less than saheeh.
SubhanAllah, if someone takes the time to learn even the basics of this science, they will realize that those who claim the sunnah as unreliable have no idea what they’re talking about, and have never even studied this science! Allah has promised to preserve the sunnah, and with conditions such as these, the scholars of hadeeth have lived out this promise.
A great introductory resource if you would like to learn this science is a book by Shaykh Suhaib Hasan, known as “An Introduction to the Sciences of Hadeeth,” published by Dar-us-Salam–and take the AlMaghrib course known as Chain of Command: The Sciences of Hadeeth. Also, shaykh Yasir Qadhi has a set of introductory audio lectures on this science, which can be found here.
And Allah (سبحانه وتعالى) knows best.
References
Abdul-Bary Yahya. Lecture. AlMaghrib Institute. Chain of Command: Hadeeth Sciences. University of Maryland, Rockville. July 2007.
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