Monthly Archives: July 2007

Al-Qahhar – The Subduer

ٱلۡقَهَّارُ – Al Qahhar

The root word for ٱلۡقَهَّارُ is قَهر which is defined as:

  1. to compel something or someone against his/her wishes
  2. to subdue
  3. to overcome
  4. to force [1]

Thus, with regards to Allah (سبحانه وتعال), the noble name Al-Qahhar can be translated as “the Subduer, i.e. the Subduer of His creatures by His sovereign authority and power and the Disposer of them as He pleases, with and against their will.” [1]

Along with ٱلۡعَزِيزُ (the Powerful and Honorable) and ٱلۡجَبَّارُ (the Strong and Powerful), this noble name illustrates that Allah(سبحانه وتعال) has the supreme authority and power to do anything, and He can subdue or force anyone to compel to Allah’s Will against his/her wishes. This supreme power rests with only Allah (سبحانه وتعال).

Allah (سبحانه وتعال) has said in the Qur’an:

أَفَغَيْرَ دِينِ اللّهِ يَبْغُونَ وَلَهُ أَسْلَمَ مَن فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ طَوْعًا وَكَرْهًا وَإِلَيْهِ يُرْجَعُونَ

Translation: Do they seek other than the religion of Allah, while to Him submitted all creatures in the heavens and the earth, willingly or unwillingly. And to Him shall they all be returned. [Al-Imran: 83]

In this verse, Allah (سبحانه وتعال) is telling us that everything that is created submits to Allah (سبحانه وتعال) willingly or unwillingly, such is the power and force of Al-Qahhar. If we ponder over this ayah and look around us, we will see the amazing truth in it. For example, the gravity of earth and the planets ensure that humans can only make an object go only so far. The limitations of the body ensure that we can only go at a certain top speed and nothing more. Regardless of how advanced the technology becomes, this technology will be compelled and will be subdued by Al-Qahhar to comply to His will, whether it is willingly or unwillingly. That shows how finite and limited we are, and how grand, powerful and majestic is Allah (سبحانه وتعال).

Also, this verse is telling us how foolish those people are who seek a religion other than the religion of Allah (سبحانه وتعال) – Islam – because these people are submitting to other object(s) of worship, whereas to Allah (سبحانه وتعال) submits everything willing or unwillingly, and to Allah (سبحانه وتعال) is the ultimate return. Such is the power and force of Al-Qahhar (سبحانه وتعال).

Occurrence in the Quran

The name Al-Qahhar is found in the noun form in six ayaat of Quran. Amazingly, all six times the name الْوَاحِدُ (the One) is combined with Al-Qahhar. These six instances are:

1) Surah Yusuf
يَا صَاحِبَيِ السِّجْنِ أَأَرْبَابٌ مُّتَفَرِّقُونَ خَيْرٌ أَمِ اللّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ

“O two companions of the prison! Are many different lords (gods) better or Allah, the One, Al-Qahhar?” [Yusuf:39]

2) Surah Ar-Rad
قُلْ مَن رَّبُّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالأَرْضِ قُلِ اللّهُ قُلْ أَفَاتَّخَذْتُم مِّن دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاء لاَ يَمْلِكُونَ لِأَنفُسِهِمْ نَفْعًا وَلاَ ضَرًّا قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الأَعْمَى وَالْبَصِيرُ أَمْ هَلْ تَسْتَوِي الظُّلُمَاتُ وَالنُّورُ أَمْ جَعَلُواْ لِلّهِ شُرَكَاء خَلَقُواْ كَخَلْقِهِ فَتَشَابَهَ الْخَلْقُ عَلَيْهِمْ قُلِ اللّهُ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ وَهُوَ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ

Say (O Muhammad SAW): “Who is the Lord of the heavens and the earth?” Say: “(It is) Allah.” Say: “Have you then taken (for worship) Auliya (protectors, etc.) other than Him, such as have no power either for benefit or for harm to themselves?” Say: “Is the blind equal to the one who sees? Or darkness equal to light? Or do they assign to Allah partners who created the like of His creation, so that the creation (which they made and His creation) seemed alike to them.” Say: “Allah is the Creator of all things, He is the One, Al-Qahhar.” [ArRad:16]

3) Surah Ibrahim
يَوْمَ تُبَدَّلُ الأَرْضُ غَيْرَ الأَرْضِ وَالسَّمَاوَاتُ وَبَرَزُواْ للّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ

On the Day when the earth will be changed to another earth and so will be the heavens, and they (all creatures) will appear before Allah, the One, Al-Qahhar. [Ibrahim:48]

4) Surah Sad
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا مُنذِرٌ وَمَا مِنْ إِلَهٍ إِلَّا اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ

Say (O Muhammad SAW): “I am only a warner and there is no Ilah (God) except Allah (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah) the One, Al-Qahhar. [Sad:65]

5) Surah Az-Zumar
الَوْ أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يَتَّخِذَ وَلَدًا لَّاصْطَفَى مِمَّا يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاء سُبْحَانَهُ هُوَ اللَّهُ الْوَاحِدُ الْقَهَّارُ

Had Allah willed to take a son (or offspring or children), He could have chosen whom He pleased out of those whom He created. But glory be to Him! (He is above such things). He is Allah, the One, Al-Qahhar. [Az-Zumar:4]

6) Surah Ghafir
يَوْمَ هُم بَارِزُونَ لَا يَخْفَى عَلَى اللَّهِ مِنْهُمْ شَيْءٌ لِّمَنِ الْمُلْكُ الْيَوْمَ لِلَّهِ الْوَاحِدِ الْقَهَّارِ

The Day when they will (all) come out, nothing of them will be hidden from Allah. Whose is the kingdom this Day? (Allah Himself will reply to His Question): It is Allah’s the One, Al-Qahhar! [Ghafir:16]

The reasons why Allah (سبحانه وتعال) chose to combine these two names (الْوَاحِدُ and Al-Qahhar) together at every mention of the name Al-Qahhar are known only to Allah. However, one can see that one of the reasons for this coupling could be that Allah (سبحانه وتعال) is trying to emphasize that there is only, exclusively, unquestionably one Al-Qahhar. In other words, there is no one who is that powerful and mighty such that they can force and subdue all of the creation – willingly or unwillingly – to comply with their will. No one has this capability, except Allah, الْوَاحِدُ (the One) ٱلۡقَهَّارُ, Exalted is He (سبحانه وتعال).

Also, one can see this combination is done every time, in all six instances in the Quran. This is to further emphasize the afore-mentioned point that truly, unmistakably there is only One Al-Qahhar.

Explanation of Two Verses

The following is an explanation of two ayaat from the afore-mentioned six ayaat.

The first ayah mentioned (in chronological order) is ayah 39 from Surah Yusuf. In the preceding ayaat, the story of Yusuf (عليه السلام) and his encounter with the wife of Aziz was mentioned. In the story, Yusuf (عليه السلام) was imprisoned even though he had not committed any crime and the entire fault laid with the wife of Aziz. In prison, he was approached by two prisoners who wanted to ask Yusuf (عليه السلام) about the interpretation of their dreams. Yusuf (عليه السلام) took this opportunity to do some da’wah, even though he was imprisoned! In his da’wah, he first disassociates himself from the religion and practises of the people of Egypt and then mentions his religion, the religion of Allah. He then poses an intriguing and awe-inspiring question: Are many gods better, or is Allah, الْوَاحِدُ (the One) ٱلۡقَهَّارُ, better?

The question is obviously hypothetical because the answer is so obvious. How can the acceptance of and worship of multiple gods make any sense when Allah, the True God, is One and Allah is Al-Qahhar, and ONLY Allah is Al-Qahhar? The mention of Al-Qahhar emphasizes that Allah is the One who is so powerful and mighty that He can force and subdue all of the creation – willingly or unwillingly – to comply to His Will. So why, then, worship anyone else who itself is submitting to Allah (سبحانه وتعال)?

The last ayah mentioned (in chronological order) is ayah 16 from Surah Ghafir. The ayah is very clear, explicit and dripping with majesty and grandeur. Allah (سبحانه وتعال) is telling us about the Day of Judgement, and how on that day when all of mankind will be summoned abruptly from their graves, nothing on that day will be hidden from Allah (سبحانه وتعال). The مَـٰلِكِ يَوۡمِ ٱلدِّين will show everyone who is the King and the Master on this day of chaos: it is none other than Allah, الْوَاحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّارُ.

The mention of Al-Qahhar emphasizes in very clear and certain terms that Allah will subdue everyone and force everyone on that day to comply with His Will. For example, we know from Surah Tariq, ayah 10 that on the Day of Judgment, man will have neither power nor any helper except Allah, الْوَاحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّارُ. We also know that no one can intercede for anyone except by Allah’s leave, nor can anyone help anyone else on this day. So truly, everyone without exception on this day will be subdued and forced to comply – willingly or unwillingly – with the Will of Allah and only Allah, الْوَاحِدُ ٱلۡقَهَّارُ, Exalted is He above the seven heavens (سبحانه وتعال).

References

1. Vocabulary of The Holy Quran. Abdullah Abbas AlNadawi. Darul Ishaat, Karachi Pakistan.

Etiquettes of Eating

Islam is a deen–a complete, total, and comprehensive way of life. Islam teaches us everything, from how to worship Allah (سبحانه وتعال), to how to eat, sleep, socialize, govern a state, perform financial transactions, everything!

What, then, are some of the etiquettes of eating?

Umar bin Abu Salamah (رضي الله عنه) reported: Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم), said to me, “Mention Allah’s Name (i.e., say Bismillah before you start eating), eat with your right hand, and eat from what is near you.”

From this hadith, we deduce three etiquettes:

  1. Say bismillah before you start eating
  2. Eat with your right hand
  3. Eat what’s closest to you–don’t grab that tasty tidbit from the opposite side of the plate!

But what if you forget to say bismillah? What should you do then?

‘Aisha (رضي الله عنها) reported: Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم) said, “When any of you wants to eat, he should mention the Name of Allah in the beginning, (i.e., say bismillah). If he forgets to do it in the beginning, he should say: Bismillah fiy awwalihi wa akhirihi (I begin with the Name of Allah at the beginning and at the end).”

May Allah (سبحانه وتعال) allow us all to understand and comprehend the greatness and completeness of our perfect and eternal deen, ameen!

Related Links: Supplication Before Eating – MakeDua.com

Conquest: History of the Khulafa

Conquest: History of the Khulafa is an AlMaghrib Institute course taught by Muhammad Alshareef.

“Follow my sunnah and the sunnah of the Khulafa Rashideen.” Advice from the Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم) to all of humankind–to stick to the sunnah, and follow the Khulafa Rashideen, the righteous Khalifas.

But do we know who the Khulafa Rashideen are? Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthmaan, and ‘Ali (رضي الله عنهم)–may Allah be pleased with them all. Do we know their personalities, their rise to Islam, the things they did for the deen? The battles they fought, the fitnah they turned away, the deviation they destroyed? Their heights of victory, their assassinations?

Read on, and learn about these four men, four men promised Paradise by the Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم) himself. May Allah allow us all to benefit from their amazing lives and examples, ameen!

Posts
Primary Categories
References

Muhammad Alshareef. Lecture. AlMaghrib. Conquest: History of the Khulafa. University of Toronto, Toronto. November 2005.

Womanly Awrah

Womanly ‘Awrah

The topic of the ‘awrah of a woman is one of great discussion, both amongst the scholars and the laymen. In sha Allah, here is an attempt to specify what exactly is the ‘awrah of a woman in light of the evidences from the Quran and sunnah, as explained by the scholars.

A few definitions:

‘Awrah – the parts of the body that are not supposed to be exposed to anyone, except your spouses. Even in private, it is a sign of hayaa (modesty) to have your ‘awrah covered.

Mahram – A woman’s mahram is a man whom she may never marry due to the closeness of the relationship between her and him. The ‘awrah of a woman in front of her mahrams is discussed at the end.

‘Awrah of a Woman in front of non-Mahrams

The scholars are unanimous that the body of a woman (including her neck down to her ankles, her forearms, and her hair) is part of the ‘awrah of the woman. There is a difference of opinion whether the face (forehead to the chin, and ears), hands (inner and outer palms) and feet (below the ankles) are part of the ‘awrah or not.

Inside Prayer
  • The face: According to Shaikh Abdul Aziz Bin Baz (may Allah have mercy on him), the Sunnah is to uncover the face during prayer, so long as no non-mahram men are present.
  • The hands: According to Shaikh Abdul Aziz Bin Baz (may Allah have mercy on him), there is more leeway here: there is nothing wrong with either covering them or uncovering them, although some scholars think that it is better to cover them.
  • The feet: According to the majority of scholars, the feet must be covered; some scholars allow uncovering the feet but the majority say the opposite. Abu Dawud reported from Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her) that she was asked about a woman who prayed in a khimaar and qamees (dress or gown). She said, “There is nothing wrong with it if the dir’ (chemise) covers her feet.” In any case, it is better to cover the feet, to be on the safe side.
Outside Prayer

The face and the hands: There is a difference of opinion here whether the face and the hands outside the prayer are required to be covered.

According to Shaikh Abdul Wahhab al-Turayri (may Allah preserve him), a verse (known as the verse of hijab) was reveled in the fifth year after the emigration to Madinah. Umm Salamah said: “May Allah bless the women of the Ansaar. As soon as the verse was revealed saying: ‘O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters and the believing women that they should cast their outer garments over their persons (when out of doors): that is most convenient, that they should be known (as such) and not molested. And Allah is Ghafuwr and Raheem’ [Surah Ahzab: 59], they immediately covered their heads so you see nothing but a black view.” [Sunan Abu Dawud]

So, we know that is the Sunnah of the Mothers of the Believers and the female companions of the Prophet (صلي الله عليه وسلم) to cover their faces. We also know (unlike what the orientalists claim) that the hijab was not part of Arab tradition, in fact, it was something that started after the verse of hijab mentioned above. Thus, many scholars (including Imam Ahmad and recently bin Baz and bin Uthaymeen) have said that it is obligatory to cover the face and the hands outside the prayer (in front of non-mahrams), with only a small opening for one eye or both eyes.

However, majority of the scholars (including Imams Abu Hanifa, Malik, Shafi’i) are of the opinion that a woman can show her face and hands outside the prayer. The proof that they use is the hadith of Asmaa bint Abi Bakr (may Allah be pleased with her): Asmaa came in, Aisha and Prophet (صلي الله عليه وسلم) was there, Asmaa had clothing considered thin, so he (صلي الله عليه وسلم) turned aside and said: “If a woman reaches puberty, not permissible for her to show anything except this and this” (pointing to hands and face). [Sunan Abu Dawud, most scholars say hassan, some say weaknesses].

The feet: Unlike the men (who are required to have their garments above their ankles), the women have no such requirement. In fact, many scholars say that a woman’s garment should be below her ankles and covering her feet.

The ‘Awrah of a Woman in front of her Mahrams

The mahrams of a women are her husband, father, husband’s father, sons, husband’s sons, brothers, brothers’ sons, sisters’ sons, and Muslim women. This can be found in the verse below:

وَقُل لِّلْمُؤْمِنَاتِ يَغْضُضْنَ مِنْ أَبْصَارِهِنَّ وَيَحْفَظْنَ فُرُوجَهُنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا مَا ظَهَرَ مِنْهَا وَلْيَضْرِبْنَ بِخُمُرِهِنَّ عَلَى جُيُوبِهِنَّ وَلَا يُبْدِينَ زِينَتَهُنَّ إِلَّا لِبُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَائِهِنَّ أَوْ آبَاء بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَائِهِنَّ أَوْ أَبْنَاء بُعُولَتِهِنَّ أَوْ إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي إِخْوَانِهِنَّ أَوْ بَنِي أَخَوَاتِهِنَّ أَوْ نِسَائِهِنَّ أَوْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُهُنَّ أَوِ التَّابِعِينَ غَيْرِ أُوْلِي الْإِرْبَةِ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ أَوِ الطِّفْلِ الَّذِينَ لَمْ يَظْهَرُوا عَلَى عَوْرَاتِ النِّسَاء وَلَا يَضْرِبْنَ بِأَرْجُلِهِنَّ لِيُعْلَمَ مَا يُخْفِينَ مِن زِينَتِهِنَّ وَتُوبُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ جَمِيعاً أَيُّهَا الْمُؤْمِنُونَ لَعَلَّكُمْ تُفْلِحُونَ

Translation: and not to show off their adornment except only that which is apparent, and to draw their veils all over Juyoobihinna (the parts which are to be covered, discussed above) and not to reveal their adornment except to their husbands, or their fathers, or their husband’s fathers, or their sons, or their husband’s sons, or their brothers or their brother’s sons, or their sister’s sons, or their (Muslim) women” [Surah Noor 24:31].

Allaah has permitted a woman to show her adornment in front of her husband and mahrams. According to Shaikh Salih Munajjid (may Allah preserve him), what is meant by adornment is the places where adornments are worn: the place for a ring is the hand, for a bracelet is the forearm, for an earring is the ear, for a necklace is the neck and chest, and for an anklet is the leg.

So, in front of her mahrams (like dad, brothers, etc.) she can show what usually appears, i.e. face, neck, hair, forearms, feet. In front of her husband, she can show whatever she wants.

It goes without saying that all Muslims, male or female, need to maintain a sense of hayaa (modesty) at all times, as hayaa is part of Iman. Usually (a personal observation!) a person’s clothing is one of the indicators of their hayaa (modesty).

And Allah (the Exalted, the Wise) Knows Best.

References

Wild Rumors

After the battle of Uhud, ‘Aisha (رضالله عنها) lost her necklace; so while the Muslim army moved forward, she stayed behind to find it. The army had a lost-and-found guy–Sawfan ibn Mu’atib (رضالله عنه)–who travelled behind the army and picked up lost items. So when he saw her, he immediately said la hawla wa la quwwata illa billah (there is no might or power except Allah), hopped off his camel, and let her go on it. Not one word passed between them (as they narrated later).

When they reached Medina, rumors sprang up: ‘Aisha and Sawfan committed zina. Rumours by Abdullah ibn Ubay, the chief of the hypocrites.

Four groups emerged during this great fitnah–a fitnah where people offered to kill Sawfan. A fitnah where the Messenger of Allah himself (صلي الله عليه وسلم) drew back from his wife, unsure what to do. (Though Allah revealed verses confirming her innocence, after a month.) Who were these four groups?

  1. Gossip-Mongers: one group actively took it upon themselves to spread the vicious rumors (and they even knew it was false).
  2. Echoers: one group didn’t believe in it, but they still passed it on to others, anyway–and so word spread quickly.
  3. The Silent Ones: one group remained silent. Completely. They didn’t say she did it, they didn’t say she didn’t do it; they side-stepped the fitnah.
  4. Deniers: one group–even though they had no evidence–denied it. Some said “we only know good of Sawfan (رضالله عنه) and ‘Aisha (رضالله عنه).” And this is how Muslims should be–husnul thunn, or giving our brothers and sisters the benefit of the doubt.

And Allah rebuked these groups, and revealed ayaat that Muslims should not pass on unconfirmed rumors, that they should think good of their brothers and sisters. The Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم) even had people publicly lashed for spreading accusations without proof!

Allah says:

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ جَاؤُوا بِالْإِفْكِ عُصْبَةٌ مِّنكُمْ لَا تَحْسَبُوهُ شَرّاً لَّكُم بَلْ هُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ لِكُلِّ امْرِئٍ مِّنْهُم مَّا اكْتَسَبَ مِنَ الْإِثْمِ وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
لَوْلَا إِذْ سَمِعْتُمُوهُ ظَنَّ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتُ بِأَنفُسِهِمْ خَيْراً وَقَالُوا هَذَا إِفْكٌ مُّبِينٌ
لَوْلَا جَاؤُوا عَلَيْهِ بِأَرْبَعَةِ شُهَدَاء فَإِذْ لَمْ يَأْتُوا بِالشُّهَدَاء فَأُوْلَئِكَ عِندَ اللَّهِ هُمُ الْكَاذِبُونَ
وَلَوْلَا فَضْلُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْكُمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ لَمَسَّكُمْ فِي مَا أَفَضْتُمْ فِيهِ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ
إِذْ تَلَقَّوْنَهُ بِأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ وَتَقُولُونَ بِأَفْوَاهِكُم مَّا لَيْسَ لَكُم بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَتَحْسَبُونَهُ هَيِّناً وَهُوَ عِندَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمٌ

Translation: Verily! Those who brought forth the slander (against ‘Aishah) [...] unto every man among them will be paid that which he had earned of the sin [...]. Why then, did not the believers, men and women, when you heard it (the slander) think good of their own people and say: “This (charge) is an obvious lie?” [...] Since they (the slanderers) have not produced witnesses! Then with Allah they are the liars. [...] When you were propagating it with your tongues, and uttering with your mouths that whereof you had no knowledge, you counted it a little thing, while with Allah it was very great. [Surah Noor, verses 11-15]

This happens today–you see a brother or sister at the mall walking with someone of the opposite sex. Or Muslims get arrested for purported acts of terrorism because they went paintballing once. But what should you do?

  1. Default to a good opinion. Innocent until proven very guilty. You’ll find that, most cases, you turn out to be right, and they really were innocent.
  2. Confirm a statement before you pass it on. If it’s not confirmed when it reaches you, no problem; but do confirm it before you tell others about it.
  3. Don’t get lashed! Remember, the Messenger of Allah (صلي الله عليه وسلم) had them lashed–those who didn’t even believe it, but only passed it on! This is the level of enormity of the deed; remember it well.

And we ask Allah to make us among those who are safe from backbiting and slander, both to ourselves and to others (ameen)!

References

Muhammad Alshareef. Lecture. AlMaghrib. The Shepherd’s Path. University of Ryerson, Toronto. March 2007.

A Minute at a Time

Everybody wants to read the Qur’an more–and why not? The Word of Allah, no less–unfiltered, unmodified, eternal; guidance for the entire planet. Yet many of us–even Arabs, who understand and have no problems reading and reciting–procrastinate and put off reading the Qur’an.

So try this inshaAllah: every day, read and recite the Qur’an for at least one minute. Try it. I mean, one minute is hardly time enough to do anything–so you have no excuse. RIGHT NOW, after you finish this post, pick up that dusty mushaf and give it one minute of attention that you know it deserves.

And guess what? Minutes add up. 1 minute a day, x 365 days, becomes six hours of Qur’an per year–and all with no more effort then it takes to open three envelopes or peel a potato.

So what are you waiting for? Give it a try inshaAllah; pick a time you can do it, like after Maghrib salaah, and just go for it!

Six hours! Subhanallah, imagine that.