In English, we have words like “from”, “to”, “with”, etc. These are called prepositions. They exist in Arabic, too–”huruful jaar” (حُرُوقُ الجَرّ).
Huruwful jarr modify the words immediately after them, which are called “majruwr” (مَجرُور).
In Arabic Grammar, majurwr words always take kasra (either single or double).
(The one exception is feminine names, which take fatha.)
So for example, if we have a book (kitaabun), then we add the preposition with (bi), it becomes “bi kitaabin” (بِ كِتَابٍ). Or if we have the car (as-sayaaratu), and we add the preposition on (3ala), it becomes “3ala as-sayaarati” (عَلَى السَيَارَةِ).
Wallahu ‘alim. There are only about 17 huruwful jarr, so memorize them inshaAllah. May Allah give us a persistant understanding of this simple but crucial element of Arabic Grammar, ameen!
fiy (فِي): in
ila (إلَ): to (eg. travel to)
3ala (عَلَى): on (top of)
min (مِن): from
li (لِ): for (eg. for you)
ma3a (مَعَ): with
bi (بِ): at/in/with
7atta (حَتَّ): until
munthu (مُنذُ): since
3an (عَن): about
ka (كَ): like/as
[1] Faynan, Rafi’ El-Imad. The Essential Arabic: a Learner’s Practical Guide. New Delhi: Goodword Books, 2004. 23-24.
As salamu alaikum,
I just found this web site. Please keep up the good work, Masha’Allah!
Jazak allah al khair
MashaAllah good work! Just to add to the section youve put on huruuf jarr – its always an ism/ noun that takes the effect of huruf jarr i.e. the kasra at the end. A verb or a harf/particle never does.
wassalam
Alsalamo Alaykom brother
you said
In Arabic Grammar, majurwr words always take kasra (either single or double).
(The one exception is feminine names, which take fatha.)
Al sayaratu is feminine, so why doesn’t it take a fatha when you add it with a harf jar…. you said it becomes 3ala alsayarati, but shouldn’t it be 3ala alsayarata…..since it is feminine???? please help
Wa’alikum as-salaam,
I defer to arabictree.com :)
As-Sayyaarah is not a feminine name, it’s a feminine noun. So it’s 3ala as-sayaarati (not ta).
The exception you mentioned, feminine names, actually is “feminine names that are masculine words), like Zaynab (i.e. feminine names without ta-marbuwta); it’s a long story :)
“it becomes “3ala sayaarati” (عَلَى سَيَارَةِ).”
Shouldnt it be 3ala sayaaratin since it doesnt have alif/lam?
You’re right, it should be. I’ve updated it to be “3ala as-sayyaarati” to be more consistent. Jazakumullahu khayran.
an ‘aamil’ and a ‘ma’mul’
we asume an aamil is any kalimah or harf that makes the ma’muls end to be a kasrah or fathah or dhummah
a ma’mul is a WORD whos end changes to be a kasrah fathah or dhummah because of an aamil..
there are many types of aamil.. classified as three..
well start with hurufun jaarrin.. huruf which make the word to be kasrah at the end..
huruf jaar are (15) n examples are as as below:
waw: wallahi (By Allah!)
baa: billahi (By Allah!)
taa: tallahi (By Allah!)
kaaf(like): kasshamsi (like the sun)
laam(for): lillahi (for Allah)
faa: fillahi (for/in Allah)
min:(from): minallahi (for Allah)
ila(to): ilallahi (to ALlah)
ma3a(with): ma3allahi (with Allah)
7attaa(untill): 7attashamsi (until the sun)
bayna(between): bayna-al-ardhi wa-ssamaai (between the earh and sky)
3an(about): an-il-amali (about work)
mundhu(since)- mundhu sanawaatin (since years)
Mudh: (since)- mudh sanawaatin (since years)
Khalaa (except): khalaa Zaidin (exept Zaid)
sukran!, It helps me a lot.